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A microprocessor also referred to as a CPU, is a computer processor in the form of a single integrated circuit (IC). CPU stands for central processing unit and is the brains of a computer that gives out instruction for the computer program. Microprocessors essentially control most of the functions your computer can do, from browsing the web to writing a document. Therefore a microprocessor is an essential component in computing. A microprocessor IC is a semiconductor device that provides this functionality from a single chip. This is a traditional semiconductor package, such as a BGA or QFN package. You can learn more in our complete [guide to microprocessors](/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice/microprocessors-cpus-guide).

### How does a Microprocessor work?

A microprocessor performs both arithmetic and logic operations. It takes a binary input from a device and processes the data based upon instructions that are stored with its memory. These instructions are saved using Cache memory.

### What is Word Length?

Computers are driven by specific sets of instructions, the CPU carries these instructions out at great speeds. Data bus width is the rate at which a microprocessor can process data. Word length is the number of bits within the internal data bus. For example, a 32-bit microprocessor will be able to process data faster than an 8-bit microprocessor.

### What is Clock Speed?

Clock speed is a value given in MHz or GHz. It refers to the speed that the microprocessor executes instructions.

#### Where are microprocessors used?

Microprocessors can be found in many applications which require embedded control. This includes:

- Personal computers
- Computer peripherals
- Household appliances
- Automotive

[Microcontrollers](https://uk.rs-online.com/web/c/semiconductors/processors-microcontrollers/microprocessors) are a type of microprocessor which contain the CPU, memory and other inputs and output.



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